• Cultural
• Abbas Milani
• Iran

The Shah Research Collection M2042 M2042 1 The Shah Research Collection M2042. Sphinx, Eminent Persians (2 Vols) and the Shah. The documents have been collected in the course of this period as primary. Arranged in chronological order, by date of document. Acquisition Information Gift of Abbas Milani, 2014. Subjects and Indexing Terms. File Size: 99 MB File Format: Pdf. Epic of Iran—now newly revised and expanded to be the most complete English-language edition Dick Davis—“our pre-eminent translator from the Persian” (The Washington Post)—has revised and expanded his acclaimed translation of Ferdowsi’s masterpiece, adding more than 100 pages of newly translated.

An Iranian Airways freighter in 1954Iranian Airways was founded in May 1944 by Reza Afshar and Gholam Ebtehaj., its first passenger flight was from to, followed by a Tehran- service. In 1946 the airline established service to Cairo, Baghdad and Tel Aviv, and in April 1947, to Paris. Between 1945 and 1962, the airline became a major domestic carrier, also operating some international flights to Europe each week. The fleet consisted of initially, supplemented by and aircraft later on.In 1954, the privately owned airline Persian Air Services (PAS) was established. PAS initially operated only freight services, followed by passenger operations between Tehran and other major cities in Iran. In 1960, PAS initiated passenger service to several European destinations, including Geneva, Paris, Brussels and London, using and aircraft leased from.Iranian Airways was nationalized in 1961.

On 24 February 1962, Iranian Airways and PAS merged to form the Iran National Airlines Corporation (HOMA), known as Iran Air, using the as a symbol. HOMA was a public sector venture that combined the two predecessor air carriers. Among the aircraft used were, Douglas DC-3s, and Vickers Viscounts. The carrier became a full member of the (IATA) in 1964. It was the launch customer for the. Rise to global prominence. An Iran Air at in 1976In 1965, Iran Air took delivery of its first jet aircraft, the and the, followed by the in 1971, the stretched in 1974 and three variants of Boeing 747 (747-100, −200 and ), starting in 1978–1979.

By the mid-1970s, Iran Air was serving cities in Europe with non-stop and one-stop flights, including over 30 flights a week to London alone.On 29 May 1971, the Tehran to New York City route was inaugurated, using making a stop-over at. Shortly thereafter, the route was upgraded to a non-stop flight using Boeing 747SPs, making Iran Air the second Middle Eastern carrier (after ), to offer non-stop service to New York.

With this flight, Iran Air set a new world record in time and distance for a non-stop, scheduled long-haul flight (12 hours and 15 minutes, 9,867 km – 6,131 mi – 5,328 nm). In 1978, the airline acquired six aircraft for use on its domestic trunk and busy regional routes. By the end of that year, Iran Air was serving 31 international destinations stretching from New York City to Beijing and Tokyo.

Plans were made to offer direct services to Los Angeles and to Sydney, for which the airline's long range Boeing 747SP aircraft were ideal. This would have allowed Iran Air to use Tehran as a midway point between East and West, because of its favorable geographical location. Such plans were never realized.By the late 1970s, Iran Air was the fastest growing airline in the world and one of the most profitable. By 1976, Iran Air was ranked second only to, as the world's safest airline, having been accident free for at least ten consecutive years. Although both airlines were accident free, Iran Air came second only because of fewer operational hours flown compared to Qantas.

Prior to this ranking, a fatal accident had occurred on 25 December 1952, in which 27 of the 29 passengers on board perished when their Douglas DC-3 crashed on landing.Lt. Was the general manager of Iran Air from 1962 to 1978. The Iranian Revolution As a result of, Iran Air was unable to expand or replace its fleet. Last time Iran Air was delivered brand-new Western aircraft prior to the was in 1994 when it received two in compensation for the downing of by in 1988.In 2001, Iran Air purchased 6 second-hand from Turkey, but only after two years, all 6 of them ended up grounded at airports in Tehran, Mashhad and Moscow. This caused significant controversy in Iran where officials cited engine design flaw and subsequent overheating as the reason for grounding the planes. One of these 6 planes was later confirmed to have returned to service by 2010.Prior to the separation of from Iran Air in 2011, Russian-made formed the backbone of the former's fleet.

However, several successive disasters involving this plane ultimately led to a 2011 blanket ban on its operations within Iranian airlines, including Iran Air Tours. An Iran Air lands at London's in 2014.On 5 July 2010, an aviation official of Iran accused the U.K., Germany and the United Arab Emirates of refusing to refuel Iranian passenger jets. This move followed unilateral sanctions imposed by the US over the nuclear weapons dispute. Iran Air and both claimed to have been denied refuelling.

A spokeswoman for (ADAC) said that a contract was in place to refuel Iranian passenger flights and ADAC would continue to do so. A spokesperson for the said that it was the sole decision of independent suppliers if aircraft were to be refuelled or not. Germany's Transport Ministry said the refuelling of Iranian aircraft was not banned under EU or UN sanctions but did not say whether any independent refuellers were denying refuelling.

Later in the day, Dubai Airport revealed that it continued to refuel Iranian passengers flights in and out of Dubai. The next day, a spokesperson for Iran said that no such limitation had been imposed.On 6 July 2010, it was announced that the European Commission would ban all of Iran Air's, Boeing 727 and Boeing 747 fleet from the EU over safety concerns. This move came as a major blow to Iran Air, limiting flights to Europe with its own aircraft.In 2012, the EU re-allowed the refuelling of Iran Air aircraft at secondary European airports such as and, in an effort to retain the refuelling contracts within the EU, rather than letting them go to Serbia or later Belarus and Ukraine.In January 2012, Iran Air's flights to and from London Heathrow operated with a fuel stop at in Kent. However, the airport announced in December 2011 that this arrangement was to end and it would no longer refuel the company's aircraft. This announcement swiftly followed the closure of Iran's embassy in London as the consequence of the. The airport stressed that it had not breached any trade agreements, as it had no connections with the USA. Lifting of sanctions and modernization plans.

The arrival of Iran Air's first Airbus A321In anticipation of a deal being reached for the lifting of sanctions, the chairman of Iran Air, Farhad Parvaresh, stated that the airline would then seek to obtain at least 100 wide-body and short-haul jets.On Friday 15 January 2016 US president authorized his secretary of state, to lift the sanctions on Iran civil aviation. Following Iran's implementation of the on 16 January 2016, all sanctions on Iran civil aviation were lifted. As a result, Iranian airlines, including Iran Air, were granted permission to purchase new civil aircraft from any manufacturer as well as to refuel at all European airports, except for two Swedish destinations, and, due to the fuel supplier still refusing to provide fuel to the Iranian carriers.On 24 January 2016 Tehran hosted the CAPA Iran Aviation Summit organised by CAPA - Centre for Aviation in order to bring both Iranian and international aviation authorities together for considering development plans for Iran's aviation industry. CAPA put the size of somewhere between those of and, whose commercial airline fleets are in the order of 500-600 aircraft. Bombardier presented its regional models during the CAPA summit in Tehran.In a statement, Mr. Parvaresh announced that his airline expected to spend some 3-5 billion US dollars purchasing regional aircraft from manufacturers,. Second sanctions On 8 May 2018, following US withdrawal from the, and as part of the reinstatement of the lifted in 2015, US Treasury Secretary announced the decision to revoke all Iran sales licenses already granted to plane manufacturers Boeing and Airbus after a 90-day period.It was announced that Iran Air had to cancel the order for Boeing aircraft due to President Trump's decision to reimpose sanctions against Iran, despite this it has been announced that Iran Air will still be receiving ATR aircraft.

It has not yet been announced if Airbus aircraft will still be delivered. Any aircraft being delivered to Iran Air must be delivered within a 90 to 180 day period before the sanctions begin.While members of the Trump administration have advised European companies to stop doing business with Iran now, said the European aim was 'maintaining and deepening economic relations with Iran. 'The technical experts plan to propose ways to avert disruptions in air, sea and land transport from and to Iran and keep channels open for 'effective banking transactions.' Onboard restrictions Hijab Iran Air, in a similar fashion to all other Iranian airlines, mandates its female passengers and cabin crew to observe and fully cover their hair and body at all times, with a strong emphasis on wearing a headscarf.

Although strictly observed on all domestic flights, this rule is rarely enforced on international flights for the duration of time that passengers are on board the plane. Food and beverages Iran Air is one of the few airlines in the world that, does not serve on any of its flights. Moreover, there is no choice of non- food selections, such as those containing pork, on Iran Air's menu.

Destinations. Main article:Iran Air serves destinations in Iran, India, the Middle East and Europe.Pilgrims and Hajj Until 2016, charter operations formed a major part of Iran Air's annual activities.

Every year, tens of thousands of pilgrims flew from major cities in Iran to, Saudi Arabia's air gateway to, to take part in pilgrimage ceremonies. In 2016, due to, all Hajj flights from Iran were suspended indefinitely. These flights resumed from 2017. Codeshare agreements Iran Air has with the following airlines:.Fleet Current fleet. An Iran AirAs of July 2019, the Iran Air fleet consists of the following aircraft: Iran Air Fleet AircraftIn serviceOrdersPassengersNotesHETotal1—18236254EP-IBI and EP-IBJ are stored.4—22238212EP-IBL is stored.3—TBA4—12144156EP-IEB is stored.1—12182194Delivered in January 2017.2—32206238Delivered in March 2017.13——68682——104104EP-CFM and EP-IDG are stored.2—12140152Iran Air Cargo Fleet1—CargoTotal36—Future fleet plans Airbus In January 2016 Iran Air signed an agreement for 118 Airbus aircraft, consisting of several types of the manufacturer's twin-engine aircraft and 12. However, the order for the A380s were later cancelled. On 22 December 2016, Airbus announced a firm deal for 100 aircraft comprising 46 aircraft; 16, and 38 /.

In January 2017, Airbus began the delivery process starting with an followed by 2, all initially ordered by and built for but never delivered.In January 2018, the sales chief of Airbus signalled that the delivery of the orders placed by Iran Air could deviate from the original schedule due to financing and pre-payment obstacles. ATR On 1 February 2016, Iran Air signed an agreement with aircraft manufacturer ATR, covering an order of twenty plus for twenty more. Iran Air intends to use the ATR 72s as part of its strategy to expand its domestic market reach and to provide service to the smaller airports that are located in less populated cities of Iran.

Deliveries were planned to begin in early 2017 but were delayed due to a stall in talks with the Canadian manufacturer of ATR power plants, over after-sales support and maintenance for the engines. In the event, the first four aircraft were delivered in a single convoy on 16 May 2017. In April 2019 the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued a two-year licence to ATR to allow it to supply spare parts and other essentials to keep the fleet of 13 ATR 72-600s in operation. However, the remaining 7 ATR 72-600s from the 2016 order remain sanctioned and in storage.

Boeing In June 2016, Iran Air officially announced that it was in talks with Boeing for a possible order 'close in size to the 118 Airbus aircraft agreement'. On 21 June 2016 Boeing announced it has signed a tentative agreement to sell jetliners to Iran, in what would be one of the Islamic Republic's biggest deals with a U.S.

Manufacturer since trade sanctions on Tehran were eased. On 11 December 2016, Boeing announced a provisional order by Iran Air for eighty aircraft, subject to 'contingencies being cleared'; the order comprises 50, 15 and 15.In April 2018, Boeing CEO announced the deferral of Iran Air deliveries until at least 2019, citingcompliance with US government process.In June 2018, Boeing announced it will not be able to deliver any planes to Iranian airlines due to the sanctions. Former fleet. This section needs additional citations for. Www.iata.org. ^. Planespotters.net.

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Author by: AeschylusLanguange: enPublisher by: University of Chicago PressFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 99Total Download: 736File Size: 53,9 MbDescription: Aeschylus II contains “The Oresteia,” translated by Richmond Lattimore, and fragments of “Proteus,” translated by Mark Griffith. Sixty years ago, the University of Chicago Press undertook a momentous project: a new translation of the Greek tragedies that would be the ultimate resource for teachers, students, and readers. They succeeded. Under the expert management of eminent classicists David Grene and Richmond Lattimore, those translations combined accuracy, poetic immediacy, and clarity of presentation to render the surviving masterpieces of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides in an English so lively and compelling that they remain the standard translations. Today, Chicago is taking pains to ensure that our Greek tragedies remain the leading English-language versions throughout the twenty-first century.

In this highly anticipated third edition, Mark Griffith and Glenn W. Most have carefully updated the translations to bring them even closer to the ancient Greek while retaining the vibrancy for which our English versions are famous. This edition also includes brand-new translations of Euripides’ Medea, The Children of Heracles, Andromache, and Iphigenia among the Taurians, fragments of lost plays by Aeschylus, and the surviving portion of Sophocles’s satyr-drama The Trackers. New introductions for each play offer essential information about its first production, plot, and reception in antiquity and beyond. In addition, each volume includes an introduction to the life and work of its tragedian, as well as notes addressing textual uncertainties and a glossary of names and places mentioned in the plays.

In addition to the new content, the volumes have been reorganized both within and between volumes to reflect the most up-to-date scholarship on the order in which the plays were originally written. The result is a set of handsome paperbacks destined to introduce new generations of readers to these foundational works of Western drama, art, and life.

Author by: David MasonLanguange: enPublisher by: Rico PublicationsFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 57Total Download: 386File Size: 49,8 MbDescription: 5,600 Exam Prep questions and answers. Ebooks, Textbooks, Courses, Books Simplified as questions and answers by Rico Publications. Very effective study tools especially when you only have a limited amount of time. They work with your textbook or without a textbook and can help you to review and learn essential terms, people, places, events, and key concepts. Author by: AeschylusLanguange: enPublisher by: University of Chicago PressFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 87Total Download: 897File Size: 51,8 MbDescription: In nine paperback volumes, the Grene and Lattimore editions offer the most comprehensive selection of the Greek tragedies available in English.

Over the years these authoritative, critically acclaimed editions have been the preferred choice of over three million readers for personal libraries and individual study as well as for classroom use. Author by: AeschylusLanguange: enPublisher by: Oxford University Press, USAFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 38Total Download: 361File Size: 50,8 MbDescription: Based on the conviction that only translators who write poetry themselves can properly re-create the celebrated and timeless tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the Greek Tragedy in New Translations series offers new translations that go beyond the literal meaning of the Greek in order to evoke the poetry of the originals. The volume brings together four major works by one of the great classical dramatists: Prometheus Bound, translated by James Scully and C. John Herrington, a haunting depiction of the most famous of Olympian punishments; The Suppliants, translated by Peter Burian, an extraordinary drama of flight and rescue arising from women's resistance to marriage; Persians, translated by Janet Lembke and C.

John Herington, a masterful telling of the Persian Wars from the view of the defeated; and Seven Against Thebes, translated by Anthony Hecht and Helen Bacon, a richly symbolic play about the feuding sons of Oedipus. These four tragedies were originally available as single volumes. This new volume retains the informative introductions and explanatory notes of the original editions and adds a single combined glossary and Greek line numbers. Author by: George ThomsonLanguange: enPublisher by: Cambridge University PressFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 23Total Download: 560File Size: 40,9 MbDescription: First published in 1938, this book forms the second part of a two-volume edition of the Oresteia. The first volume contains the original Greek text of the Oresteia with a facing-page English translation, notes and a detailed introduction. This second volume is largely composed of a comprehensive textual commentary. A metrical appendix is also provided.

This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in the works of Aeschylus and classical literature. Author by: Colleen ChastonLanguange: enPublisher by: BRILLFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 76Total Download: 870File Size: 52,8 MbDescription: By applying aspects of cognitive psychology to a study of three key tragic props, this book examines the importance of visual imagery in ancient Greek tragedy. The shield, the urn and the mask are props which serve as controls for investigating the connection between visual imagery and the spectators' intellectual experience of tragic drama. As vehicles for conceptual change the props point to a function of imagery in problem solving. Connections between the visual and the cognitive in tragedy, particularly through image shape and its potential for various meanings, add a new perspective to scholarship on the role of the visual in ancient performance. These connections also add weight to the importance of imagery in contemporary problem solving and creative thought. Author by: C.

MarshallLanguange: enPublisher by: Bloomsbury PublishingFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 41Total Download: 401File Size: 50,5 MbDescription: Libation Bearers is the 'middle' play in the only extant tragic trilogy to survive from antiquity, Aeschylus' Oresteia, first produced in 458 BCE. This introduction to the play will be useful for anyone reading it in Greek or in translation. Drawing on his wide experience teaching about performance in the ancient world, C.

Marshall helps readers understand how the play was experienced by its ancient audience. His discussion explores the impact of the chorus, the characters, theology, and the play's apparent affinities with comedy. The architecture of choral songs is described in detail. The book also investigates the role of revenge in Athenian society and the problematic nature of Orestes' matricide.

Libation Bearers immediately entered the Athenian visual imagination, influencing artistic depictions on red-figured vases, and inspiring plays by Euripides and Sophocles. This study looks to the later plays to show how 5th-century audiences understood Libation Bearers.

Modern reception of the play is integrated into the analysis. The volume includes a full range of ancillary material, providing a list of relevant red-figure vase illustrations, a glossary of technical terms, and a chronology of ancient and modern theatrical versions.